Metallurgical Testing

• Metallography and Photomicrography (ASTM E3,E883)
• Grain Size determination (ASTM E112)
• Inclusion Level (ASTM E45)
• Macroetch testing (ASTM  E340, E381)
• Ferrite/Austenite ratio (ASTM E562)
• Microhardness testing:  Knoop & Vickers (ASTM E384)
• Plating thickness (ASTM B487)
• Banding (ASTM E1268)
• Case depth (SAE J423)
• Decarburization (ASTM E1077,SAEJ121,419

Retained austenite (white) embrittling 
a carburized and hardened alloy steel surface 

Caustic embrittlement 

Inhomogeneous grain size in a forging